Roger Hare Posted June 2, 2016 Share Posted June 2, 2016 (edited) It's not immediately relevant to this interesting thread about temperament and tuning, but I've just had one of those light-bulb goes on moments, and realised that the title of J S Bach's 'Well Tempered Clavier' does not refer to a keyboard instrument which is generally well-disposed towards the human race, but rather to the tuning of the instrument! The relevant Wikipedia article: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Well-Tempered_Clavier is interesting in its own right, and points to other articles about temperament and tuning which may be of interest to other earnest seekers after knowledge... Roger Edited June 2, 2016 by lachenal74693 Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
Peter Laban Posted June 2, 2016 Share Posted June 2, 2016 J S Bach's'Well Tempered Clavier' does not refer to a keyboard instrument which is generally well-disposedtowards the human race, but rather to the tuning of the instrument! There are several sites on the web where you can hear recordings of Bach's music played on keyboard instruments tuned to what is thought to be the tuning JS used. Quite a revelation to hear the sound the music takes on. Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
David Barnert Posted June 2, 2016 Share Posted June 2, 2016 The album, "Switched On Bach," one of the first to popularize the Moog Synthesizer, was created in the 1960s by the musician then known as Walter Carlos. It was in equal temperament. Thirty years later, Wendy Carlos released "Switched On Bach 2000," which covered the same musical material but used various meantime tunings. It also made use of MIDI, which had not been around when the first one came out. I have both recordings, and they make an interesting comparison. Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
David Barnert Posted June 2, 2016 Share Posted June 2, 2016 In fact, my experience in recent "Irish" sessions is that simple 3-note chords seem to be a dying breed. I would think Irish sessions are not the place to judge the survivability of simple 3-note chords. Why do you think DADGAD guitar tuning has become so popular in Irish music? In a C-diminished-7th chord, do you use the Eb or the D#, and does the choice differ with the different temperaments... or perhaps with different pieces of music? I would suggest that it depends on voice leading: how do you want it to resolve? If the note in question resolves up to an E in the next chord, use a D#. If it resolves down to a D, use an Eb. Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
Jody Kruskal Posted June 5, 2016 Share Posted June 5, 2016 (edited) I just played a concert today with my new music gamelan (Indonesian orchestra) , Son of Lion. No concertina in this concert, alas. We play our pitched percussion instruments in the tunings/keys of Slendro and Pelog. These are traditional microtonal tunings that vary widely in pitch from ET and can vary even from gamelan to gamelan. Our set has a total of 12 pitches per octave between the two keys and only three of these 12 pitches match what you would hear on a piano. Still... we often include violin, trombone, clarinet, flute and guitar in our performances as they are able to compensate and accommodate for the most part. I remember an amazing sounding piece we did 20 years ago that featured highland pipes... and it worked amazingly well! All I'm saying is that ET works only because the ear is very accepting. That is to say that the mind will bend a heard pitch quite a ways to match a cultural norm. We humans seem to strive to hear things "in tune". As for the concertina, I've found that the pitch of our free reeds seems to be more focused than other instruments. More specific in its nature, more focused in its presentation to our ear's perception of its pitch. So... for the concertina, a little out-of-tune sounds like a lot of out-of-tune, more so that other instruments. Example: When my bands tune up before playing a dance, often I'm still setting up and the fiddle starts to tune to an in-tune piano or guitar. I better be quick to offer my concertina tuning notes or the strings will not be in perfect tune with me. It seems that in tuning to a piano, the fiddler will accept a wider range of "acceptable" than in tuning to my concertina. The piano is in tune, sure... but its pitch reference is somewhat vague. In my bands, only the concertina lays down the law and seems to define pitch with such fine specificity. Edited June 6, 2016 by Jody Kruskal Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
alex_holden Posted June 5, 2016 Share Posted June 5, 2016 Example: When my bands tune up before playing a dance, often I'm still setting up and the fiddle starts to tune to an in-tune piano or guitar. I better be quick to offer my concertina tuning notes or the strings will not be in perfect tune with me. It seems that in tuning to a piano, the fiddler will accept a wider range of "acceptable" that in tuning to my concertina. The piano is in tune, sure... but its pitch reference is somewhat vague. In my bands, only the concertina lays down the law and seems to define pitch with such fine specificity. Might that be because a piano tends to have three strings per note whereas a concertina normally only has one reed? Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
Peter Laban Posted June 5, 2016 Share Posted June 5, 2016 (edited) Might that be because a piano tends to have three strings per note whereas a concertina normally only has one reed? It might also have to do with the piano tuner's practice/need to 'spread' the octaves to make the piano appear in tune, while actually the octaves are tuned increasingly 'out'. equal temperament and some peculiarities of piano tuning Edited June 5, 2016 by Peter Laban Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
Geoff Wooff Posted June 5, 2016 Share Posted June 5, 2016 Those several strings per note on a piano are not all tuned 'unison' and this can mean that the resulting note pitch is a wee bit vague. I always recall someone telling me that a certain person's concertina needed tuning when I knew it was 'in tune' because I had recently checked it for accuracy. It turned out that all the string players at a certain session were tuning to the accordion at the beginning of the night... the concertina player, who always arrived late, was perceived to be flat (or sharp) overall because either the fiddlers had picked up one of the tremelo voices of the accordion or the accordion was the box that needed tuning. Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
David Barnert Posted June 5, 2016 Share Posted June 5, 2016 I always recall someone telling me that a certain person's concertina needed tuning when I knew it was 'in tune' because I had recently checked it for accuracy. It turned out that all the string players at a certain session were tuning to the accordion at the beginning of the night... the concertina player, who always arrived late, was perceived to be flat (or sharp) overall because either the fiddlers had picked up one of the tremelo voices of the accordion or the accordion was the box that needed tuning. Something like that happened to me once. I arrived late for a session and as soon as I started playing it was apparent that my pitch disagreed with everyone else's. One of the instruments was an electronic piano, so without saying a word, I stopped playing and looked at the back panel of the piano and noted that the tuning knob was not set straight up, but turned a little to the left, or flat. At the first opportunity (when that tune ended), I pointed it out and asked if it had been done intentionally. Nobody else in the room (including the piano player) even had a clue that such a knob existed, and several of the other musicians said they had been surprised at how they had to tune their instruments at the beginning of the session when the piano supplied an A. Later, I learned that the piano had been used the night before by a band that included a hammered dulcimer that was a little flat. Rather than retune the dulcimer, they all (including the piano) tuned to it. Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
Jody Kruskal Posted June 6, 2016 Share Posted June 6, 2016 Great tuning stories there. Sorry for the topic drift, but this seems somehow related, no? Yes, I imagine that the three strings per note in much of the piano range help it sound a bit fuzzy in the pitch department, and that could be part of why the piano seems to blend with other instruments so well. As I play an equal temperament tuned Anglo, obviously with only single reeds per note, my workarounds for the harsh ET sound have been three fold... 1. When I'm playing single line stuff, I often try to vary the dynamics widely, so as to move my pitch about. It is slight in the upper registers, but even up there, louder is flatter and softer is sharper. 2. I try to get messy and dense sometimes with complex arrangements. This can cover up glaring out-of-tune sounds (like thirds) by muddying up the waters a bit. 3. I try to spell chords as widely as possible in the low registers. Rarely do I play low close triads and especially avoid those out of tune thirds. Instead favoring octaves and fifths in the low ranges whenever possible. ---------- Perhaps I should try a sweeter temperament, but I would have to get an additional G/D Anglo instrument (my preferred key) tuned to that to try it out, as I fear that it would not work in all situations and I'm loth to over tune my working instruments. In my musical travels, I seem to play mostly in G, D, A, plus the minors in Em, Am, Bm and modal in A. I do play C and F#m chords and E major and B major material from time to time as well as a few diminished chords. Even though this is a limited chromatic pallet, I wonder if 1/5 comma meantone would sound in tune for me. The only way to find out is to try it. Perhaps I will be lucky enough to get to play one that is tuned that way somewhere down the road. Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
Hereward Posted June 6, 2016 Share Posted June 6, 2016 I agree with you here Jody that I would also like to have a chance to hear a concertina tuned to 1/5 comma meantone and make up my own mind as to its use for my purposes; although buying another instrument or having mine re-tuned (less likely) would stretch my finances somewhat. Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
Jody Kruskal Posted June 6, 2016 Share Posted June 6, 2016 Now I'm getting myself confused. Don't all these other tuning schemes outside of ET require a home pitch? That's probably not what it's called, perhaps reference pitch? If you use A=440, that will result in a different set of frequencies than if you use say... D=293.66 (That's D in ET) or C= 261.63. Is there a standard? BTW, I'm getting these frequencies from this chart... http://www.phy.mtu.edu/~suits/notefreqs.html Given my needs "I seem to play mostly in G, D, A, plus the minors in Em, Am, Bm and modal in A. I do play C and F#m chords and E major and B major material from time to time as well as a few diminished chords." wouldn't D=293.66 give me the most centered reference pitch? Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
DaveM Posted June 6, 2016 Share Posted June 6, 2016 (edited) For your case, it's slightly better to use A=440Hz. Taking A as the reference, you'd get a chain of fifths like this (I've included the 14 notes of an EC): ( -7 -6 ) -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 [number of fifths away from reference] ( Ab Eb ) Bb F C G D A E B F# C# G# D# In ET, each step along the circle of fifths is +/-700 cents, in 1/5MT each step along the circle is +/-697.7, so you're picking up ~2.3 cents of discrepancy per step as you move away from the central reference pitch. With D as a reference it goes (-6, -5) -4, -3 ...+6,+7, so your D# would be even more off from ET than if you centered at A (16.4cents instead of 14.1 cents) I dropped the first two of the 14 EC notes since you indicated that you'd use B major (and thus D#) and not C minor. Someone else who wanted flat keys in tune might put the reference note further to the left and drop the D# and G#. Though in principle, you could select any pitch as the reference pitch, I can't see a reason why you wouldn't want to put the pitch-reference near the center of your chain of fifths. Edited June 7, 2016 by DaveM Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
Geoff Wooff Posted June 7, 2016 Share Posted June 7, 2016 (edited) DaveM, I do not think the numbers you are giving are correct, leastways they don't tally with my figures given elsewhere on this site and in the ICA magazine. I can certainly see the point of shifting the centre note to spread the well tuned keys through those most used by the player. This will move the enharmonic gaps ( the G#/Ab and D#/Eb as used on an EC) accordingly. The normal method (on an EC) is to have an equal number of good sharp and flat keys... thus the centre point of this would be C even when the reference 'Zero' is some other note... usually A 440hz. I cannot see what would be wrong in choosing another centre key but have the zero note somewhere else that would balance the offsets around Standard ET . Edited June 7, 2016 by Geoff Wooff Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
Jody Kruskal Posted June 7, 2016 Share Posted June 7, 2016 Hmmm. Now I'm even more confused Geoff. Isn't the "reference zero" note you mention the same thing as the "center point, key or note"? Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
Geoff Wooff Posted June 7, 2016 Share Posted June 7, 2016 (edited) Hmmm. Now I'm even more confused Geoff. Isn't the "reference zero" note you mention the same thing as the "center point, key or note"? Not necessarily Jody. Let me try to explain: The centre point (or Key) I use on the EC is C. this equispaces the useable keys like this ; AB,Eb,Bb,F,( C ),G,D,A,E , so we have four Keys sharp and four Keys flat of C. The 'Reference Zero' note is in regard to the Diapason. So, one might use A as Zero, as in 440hz but A is, in a Key sense, not so close to C. So one could choose a different Zero in reference to Standard Pitch. I have used both G and D for this but look what happens: Note deviations from Equal Temperament with A as Zero ( for 1/5th Comma Meantone). C= +6 , C# = -8 , D = +2 , D# = -12 , Eb = +12 , E = -2 , F= +8 , F# = -6 , G= +4 , G#= -10 , Ab= +14, A= 0, Bb= +10, B= -4. With D as Zero; take 2 cents off each of the above. ( meaning to use D as on a Tuner set to Standard Pitch) For C as Zero subtract 6 cents from each of the above. Etc. Etc. Of course this will make the whole instrument flatter. This moving of the reference Zero can be used to place the notes in the best possible position for playing with certain instruments that are not tuned to Equal Temperament. Changing the Key Centre note is usefull if your range of keys is spread more to one side or the other... so on an Ab/Eb anglo it might be better to use Eb as the centre Key and chose a zero note that did not make the concertina too flat or sharp overall in comparison to the International Pitch standard. PS; It might be worth a listen to some more recordings I made for the Tune of the month forum... you can find these on Soundcloud.com by searching 'Geoff Wooff'. They are not wonderfull recordings but the one called STE-007 is interesting for this topic because I played the tune in seven different keys in one take. The other 1/5 Comma recordings are Valencia Harbour and STE-031. PPS; My reason for using a Meantone temperament on the EC is because the Major thirds are a very easy and usefull harmony , on this keyboard, which sound so horrible in ET especially on a metal ended model. This way I am not restricted by the need to invert chords or otherwise re-arrange harmonies. Edited June 7, 2016 by Geoff Wooff Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
Hereward Posted June 7, 2016 Share Posted June 7, 2016 (edited) I think I should have paid more attention to mathematics when I was at school (a long time ago now). Still, I am trying to keep up with all this interesting information and it's certainly good for the little grey cells. Edited June 7, 2016 by Hereward Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
SteveS Posted June 7, 2016 Share Posted June 7, 2016 (edited) Note deviations from Equal Temperament with A as Zero ( for 1/5th Comma Mezantone). C= +6 , C# = -8 , D = +2 , D# = -12 , Eb = +12 , E = -2 , F= +8 , F# = -6 , G= +4 , G#= -10 , Ab= +14, A= 0, Bb= +10, B= -6. With D as Zero; add +2 to each of the above. For C as Zero add +6 to each of the above. Etc. Etc. Geoff For D=0, shouldn't it be subtract 2 from above For C=0, subtract 6 from the above. Also are these pitch variations from ET expressed in cents? (Ed. I see I posted this after Geoff had edited his post) Edited June 7, 2016 by SteveS Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
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