rmerris

This forum occasionally received queries about concertina players in the musical halls. Volume 4 (2007) of the Papers of the International Concertina Association (PICA) contains my article, "Dutch Daly: Comedy and Concertinas." Dutch Daly (1848-1924) was a German-dialect comedian and concertinist who went from US minstrelsy, burlesque, and vaudeville to the music halls in his native UK (born in Jersey, Channel Islands). Appendix II of the Dutch Daly article contains biographical and career profiles of musical-hall concertinists of the Dutch Daly era. The appendix could have been a short stand-alone article, but I chose to incorporate it in the Dutch Daly article for the sake of expediency of publication. Until recently, the article was available only in hard copies, as received by the members of ICA. Now, the article is posted at the ICA website--see www.concertina.org/pica/index.htm. (Many thanks to the manager of the ICA Website.) The profiles in the appendix are categorized as British-based and American-based performers, respectively. (But most of the America-based performers were born in the UK.) The performers are: British-based: Henri Albano (born Henri Alban), Stephen Bartle, Jack Clevoner (born John Henry Hartford), Walter John Dale, Tommy Elliott (born Thomas Varley), Perci Honri (born Percy Thompson), Will King, Jen Latona (born Emma Jane Letty Carter), John Hill Maccann, Minnie Paget, Alexander Prince (born Alexander Sutherland), Harry Thompson, and Joseph and Arthur Webb (along with the Fayre Four--Joseph Webb's daughters; CORRECTION: THE FAYRE FOUR STARTED BEFORE 1918, AS DOCUMENTED BY RICHARD CARLIN). American-based: Joseph Cawthorn, John F. Fields, Alfred Blair Sedgwick, James W. Sharpley, and Robert T. Spice (a New York City teacher who tutored Thomas Alvin Edison on electricity, etc.!) I can also highly recommend the other articles in PICA, Volume 4--Stephen Chambers, "Joseph Astley, Oldham Concertina Band and the MHJ Shield"; and Dan Worrall, "David Edward Hughes: Concertinist and Inventor"--as posted at the ICA website. Any feedback from readers would be much enjoyed.

I would like to return to the comment of Irene S.--that even a Jews Harp player can be a virtuoso. Charles (aka Carl) Eulenstein was an early-19th-century Jews Harp virtuoso (trained by an even earlier Jews Harp virtuoso). He thrilled audiences, playing one or more Jews Harps at one time, until it wore out his teeth. He went on to classical composition (including music for concertina). The earliest known German (later, German-Anglo) concertina has a handwritten inscription of Eulenstein. He made other types of musical instruments, and may have made the concertina, or it was made for him by someone else (probably Uhlig). (The concertina is owned by Stephen Chambers.) Later, someone made him a set of dentures, and he was able to return to captivating audiences with his Jews Harp playing.

I found the serial number for your Dickinson Wheatstone to be intriguing. I had thought that, after assuming ownership of Wheatstone, Stephen had a new serial number sequence, starting with "1". In fact, at one time, I owned a Dickinson Wheatstone numbered "51", which was prominently displayed on the instrument. The last Anglo serial number in the Wheatstone ledgers is No. 59498 (entered on 10/12/74). [The last English system was No. 37083 (6/1/74).] It doesn't seem likely that Stephen made 647 instruments (647 = 60145 - 59498) before making No 60146.

In the discussion of the 1936 newsreel from British Pathe, the question was asked: "Which one of the ladies spining the 'sea shells' (i.e., disks) was Viona? The answer is neither. Viona was only age 7 at the time. (She joined the act at age 11.) The ladies were Tommy's wife, Florence Hazel (stage name Hazel), and Hazel's sister--Olive May. It can get a bit confusing, since Tommy's sister was Olive Lillian, and both Olive M. and Olive L. performed in The Elliotts. In the original posting of this topic, it is stated that Viona is age 67. When I told Viona, she had a good laugh. She was born on 5 October 1928.

That is the price for a brand new Steve Dickenson Wheatstone 40 button anglo (I am on the list)! I'd go for the new Wheatstone. It looks like we are headed for new prices of 6000 GBP and upwards for Jeffries concertinas. And when will this Wheatstone 40 button Anglo be delivered? Before or after pigs have learned to soar like eagles?

Stephen, Regarding the British Pathe clip of the Elliots [sic], you pretty much nailed the data. It was from 1936.

"Tommy Elliott and the Musical Elliotts," Viona's article co-authored with Chris Algar and me (Randy Merris) will appear in the Papers of the International Concertina Association this Fall. It is a fascinating history of a performing family, which starts with Viona's great grandfather--J.B. Elliott--inventor of the unicycle and originator of the trick cycling act and musical act of his children (Viona's great aunts, great uncles, and her grandfather). The centerpiece of the article is Viona's recollections, which provide rare glimpses into life on the road/rails for musical hall and circus perfomers who were constantly on the move.

Dan, I think that you have already posted that Sedgwick tutor at concertina.com. But if not, I will send it to you for posting, if you like.

Dan, You are the webmaster for the posting of the Roylance tutors. They will be in the mail in a few days. One anecdote: Alfred B. Sedgwick (English-born emigrant to the US; member of the all-star 1844 classical concertina quartet of Regondi, Blagrove, Case, and Sedgwick) authored tutors for both English and Anglo. In his English tutor, he totally disparaged the Anglo (in effect saying that, by comparison, the Anglo was a mere toy). Even in his Anglo tutor, he touted the virtues of the English concertina over the Anglo. But ironically, his Anglo tutor was, in my judgment, the best Anglo tutor of the period.

I would like to return to the original issue in this posting. I see no "smoke and mirrors" in Charles George Roylance's statement about "a somewhat difficult instrument." His two tutors--How to Learn the Chromatic Anglo-German Concertina and Anglo-German Concertina Player's Companion--were two of the most popular Anglo tutors, needing no deceptive hype. Clearly, there was a strong market for Anglo tutors (see my article, "Instruction Manuals for English, Anglo, and Duet Concertina ..." The Free Reed Journal, available at www.concertina.com and including entries for over 100 Anglo tutors, published primarily in the UK and US). The statement "easy to learn" and "difficult to learn" are both correct, depending entirely on what is to be learned. Sure, picking out Mary Had a Little Lamb or equally unchallenging tunes in the learner's head are easy by ear. But learning more challenging tunes from sheet music (without the aid of any audio device in the 19th century) certainly could be difficult, at least for many players. (Most the of the 19th century tutors were glorified tunebooks--long on tunes and relatively short on instruction.) A subtitle of Roylance's Anglo-German Concertina Player's Companion states that it includes "Vamps and Hamonized Scales." That fact alone pushed up the degree of difficulty of "diving into" learning the Anglo concertina. Regarding posting on the web: I have both of the above mentioned tutors by Roylance. I'll send a copy of either or copies of both to somebody who volunteers to post.

If you are an Anglo player who plays strictly by ear, you can stop here. However, if you use sheet music too, the following may be of interest. I have found that I can scan my sheet music (printed or hand written), print on glossy photo paper of 4" x 6" dimensions, and produce "photos" that are highly readable and that nicely fit in a concertina case (fitted or unfitted case). The prints come out surprisingly nice. They can be used outdoors without being blown around by the wind, as much as larger regular-paper sheet music copies. The print is plenty large to read. Most of mine are for Irish tunes that each have two parts with 8 bars per part. But they are also fine for 3 part tunes with 8 bars per part. I keep 6-8 in my concertina case. More than 8, however, could be accomodated. Of course, they fit easily in an unfitted case. But they also fit fine in a fitted case, by standing them on end in the space between the concertina end (next to the hand strap) and the side of the case. They should fit in most cases. For example, they fit fine in the slightly smaller fitted case for a Dipper, County Clare. I scan and print on an Epson copier/scanner/printer. If possible, leave about 1/2 inch margin on each side of the tune in scanning, and do not use the "Fit To Frame" option in printing. The reason for these suggestions is that, in some printers (including mine), a small amount around the edge of the scan may be cut off in printing. I would appreciate feedback, if you try it and like the results (or even if you do not like the results).

Earlier in this thread, I mentioned Percy Honri's recording from the late 1890s. Elsewhere in this thread, Alexander Prince (1874-1928)--born Alexander Sutherland--is mentioned. Though Prince was extremely prolific as a recording artist, there were others who recorded--some probably before him. Dutch Daly recorded in 1904; John Hill Maccann recorded early; Jen Latona was mainly a singer but played at least one snippit of concertina on a recording; and Henri Albano, Jack Clevoner, Stephen Bartle, Walter Dale, and Will King may have recorded early. For information on these and other musical-hall concertinists in the US and UK, see Appendix II of my article: "Dutch Daly: Comedy and Concertinas on the Variety Stage," Papers of the Inernational Concertina Association (PICA), 4 (2007), 1-26, which will be posted at www.concertina.com in the near future. Also see Alan Day's new CD, English International, due for release in the near future. I do not know of any concertina recordings in the US that pre-date the well-known Irish concertina recordings of William Mullaly. However, the Chemnitzer crowd might come up with something, if the search were extended to include Chemnitzer recordings. Joseph Cawthorn was a US-based concertinist who recorded as a popular vocalist but, to my knowledge, did not include his concertina playing on any of his recordings. Other: Tommy Elliott was probably the first concertinist on regular televison broadcasts (German TV in 1935 and British TV in 1936). Tommy Elliott was probably the only concertinist to play a miniature concertina in a movie (The Password in Courage, 1962). Peter Honri played a regular concertina in the movie Oliver (1968), and used a miniature (inherited from grandfather Percy Honri), but only as a prop. Much more on Tommy Elliott will be found in Viona Elliott Lane, Randall Merris, and Chris Algar, "Tommy Elliott and the Musical Elliotts," PICA, 5 (forthcoming 2008).

The first concertinist to record was Percy Honri, concertina improvisation with piano accompniment: "Happy Darkies' (E. Berliner 9107, 1 October 1898). See Peter Honri, Working the Halls, pp. 140-43. I do not have a copy of the recording.

George Henry Green (b. 1850) was the husband of the Caroline Sarah Jones (b. 18520, the eldest daughter of George Jones (b. 1832). George and caroline were married in 1872 in Stepney. George is listed in censuses as a musical instrument maker. At least three of their sons--George H. Jr, Ernest, and Bertram--also were makers. I've associated them with employment at Jones, rather that at Lachenal & Co. However, one or more of them could have worked at Lachenal, particularly after the Jones firm closed in 1909. Alternativelly, there could have been a Mr. Green at Lachenal, who came from an entirely different family--but that doesn't seem particularly likely to me.

Trace, Given your newly acquired interest in Jeffries concertinas, you may wish to consult the materials at concertina.com. You will find our article on the Jeffries family. For a long time, we have been promising to post Part II (mainly on the Jeffries instruments). It actually will be posted--in the relatively near future.

Lachenal #23663. YOu say that it needs thumb straps, which is the only indication that it is an English system concertina. 48 key? Wood ends? Bone or metal buttons? 4- or 5-fold bellows? The highest numbered "Louis Lachenal" English that I have seen--23054. However, the lowest numbered "Lachenal & Co." English--20405. In the period between #20405 and # 23054: When the company name was changed to "Lachenal & Co." (circa 1873), the new owners (Thomas Saunders, II; Richard Ballinger, et al) started using exterior labels showing "Lachenal & Co.". However, it appears that they did not want to discard all those nice circular pan labels for 48-key Englishes, which showed "Louis Lachenal". They continued to use them inside, sometimes cutting out the "Louis Lachenal" on the label--but not always. It appears that by around the time when #23054 was made, they ran out of the old stock of Louis Lachenal circular pan labels. My guess as to dating of #23663 is circa 1877.

I have seen 11 Lachenals with Beare & Son labels: 9 Anglos (all 20-key) and 2 English (48-key). For the earliest ones, Beare & Son had a Regent St. address; the later ones had the Oxford St. address. The earliest English is #23414, which would have been made circa 1875. I would guess that they went out of business in the 1880s, because the highest numbered Anglo with a Beare & Son label seen by me is #80688. (Of course, this guess could be checked in the London business directories.) I would appreciate the serial number for your 26-key.

For more than two years, I have been researching an article on miniature concertinas, which will cover the instruments and the performers who played (or still play) them. I have collected considerable material that will take me some time yet to draft. (I have been writing an economics book at work that, though having swamped me, is almost completed. Then, the miniature concertina is the priority.) In the meantime, I will send photos of a couple of the more interesting instruments to Morgana for her posting. Incidentally. if you look closely at the miniature (i.e., semi-miniature) at Bob Tedrow's website, you will notice that MERRIS is stamped on one end and TEDROW on the other. Bob and his family are good friends--so much so that they named one of the family dogs for me....well, just the middle name. Thomas Randall Tedrow is a handsome and well-behaved canine. They do not need to invoke "Randall, quit chewing up that rug" or other chastisements.

Martyn, Regarding Part II of the Jeffries article (which deals with the businesses and the instruments): The ball was in my court for a while, but it has been passed on to other members of the research consortium by now. I do not expect it to be a lot longer (but I do not know exactly how to quantify "a lot"). Randy

I have completed the research for a short article on concertinas in the catalogues--namely, the early catalogues of Sears & Roebuck and Montgomery Wards. I do not think that there were comparable mail-order businesses in the UK (or elsewhere) during the late 19th and early 20th century, but I am not sure. I thought I should ask the folks at concertina.net. Any information?

Martyn, Thanks for the positive feedback. The Jeffries work truly is a joint effort of our "concertina consortium." We write and post the stuff and get surprisingly little feedback. We hope you will enjoy the sequel: Part II about the Jeffries businesses and the Jeffries concertinas themselves. Randy Merris

My last comment was a mess. The serial numbers/descriptions that I provided were accurate. But my final comments--well, I cannot explain where my mind was. I will not try, but will thank Jim Lucas for his follow-up comments..

I would like to concur wuth Stephen's dating (circa 1922) for your Lachenal concertina. (I work with Stephen Chambers, Wes Williams, and others on the Lachenal dating.) We have documented some sales receipts for late English-system Lachenals, as follows: #58887 10 July 1923 #60013 6 July 1928 #60176 1929 (I do not have the month/day at hand) #60263 19 Sept. 1930 All of these instruments are Edeophones. You have described the instrument as wood-end, bone-button, brass-reed, and 5-fold. I would guess that it is a 48-key Edeophone, but would appreciate confirmation.

I contacted the seller about the serial number and received a reply of #13908. I have seen "The Peerless," which Lachenal made exclusively for Murdoch, with the following serial numbers--#27929, #99304, #106394, #11154, and #151309. A Peerless with such a low number is suspect to me. It could well be a case of a missing lead digit (i.e., #113908), which is a prevalent occurrence. However, Murdoch was one of the early sellers of Lachenal under a vender label. I have seen a non-Peerless, but Murdoch, labeled Anglo with a low-range number of #14575. To my knowledge, the approximate year of introduction of The Peerless for Murdoch is not known. I did not want to bother the Ebay seller again.

Issue 1. As I indicated in my earlier comment, I took it in stide when I was chastised for attaching the photo to the email to the ICA group. I thought the main concern was the possibility of a recipient thinking that there might be a computer virus in an attachment. My employer, an international organization, takes great pains to ensure that no viriuses are in incoming or outgoing emails. I thought that I was covered. Little did I know about the real concerns that would be expressed by the recipients. Live and learn. Issue 2 (and hopefully more interesting). I much appreciate Rod Thompson's reference to Gavin Mortimer, Shackleton and the Anarctic Explorers. I had never heard of the book. It turns out that it is inexpensive in paperback (Amazon.com etc.). I hope the paperback contains the photo to which Rod referred, because "the plot thickens"... ...In the early 1950s (in 1951, as I recall), Wheatstone published a promotional brochure in which they touted that, indeed, Livingston had a Wheatstone in Africa and that there was a Wheatstone on the Shackleton voyage to Anarctica. Now, Rod has indicated that the photo shows a 12-sided English concertina. We know that Wheatstone made a few 12-sided "Wheatstone Edeophones," after Wheatstone acquired left-over inventory from the demise of Lachenal--but that occurred long after the Shackleton expedition. Rod: Are you sure the photo shows a 12-sided (rather than an 8-sided) instrument? If the answer is "definitely 12-sided," then the possibilities seem to be: (1) Wheatstone was mistaken about the make of the concertina on the expedition (2) the instrument in question was a very special 12-sided Wheatstone (almost out of the question), or (3) there were both a Wheatstone English (Aeola or otherwise) and a Lachenal Edeophone on the expedition. An aside about the meeting of Stanley and Livingston: Maybe, approaching Livingstones tent and seeing his concertina, Stanley really said: "Mr. Livingiston, Wheatstone, I presume."