Apparently in the case of the recent EU-US trade deal, 15% is the maximum rate rather than an addition to existing tariffs: https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/qanda_25_1930   What I'm not totally clear about is if the deal has come into effect yet. Apparently they are still figuring out the details. I wouldn't be surprised if the rules changed again tomorrow.
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